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Passive accessory intervertebral movements
Passive accessory intervertebral movements (PAIVM) refers to a spinal physical therapy assessment and treatment technique developed by Geoff Maitland. The purpose of PAIVM is to assess the amount and quality of movement at various intervertebral levels, and to treat pain and stiffness of the cervical and lumbar spine.〔Geoffrey Douglas Maitland, Elly Hengeveld, Kevin Banks, Kay English, (2005). ''Maitland's Vertebral Manipulation, Volume 1.'' Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 9780750688062.〕
==Technique==
During assessment, the aim of PAIVM is to reproduce patient symptoms, and assess the endfeel of cervical movement, quality of resistance, behaviour of pain throughout the range of movement, and observe any muscle spasm. A posterior to anterior force of varying strength is applied by the therapist either centrally onto the spinous process, or unilaterally on either the left or right articular pillar. As a treatment technique, pain is treated by oscillations of small amplitude short of resistance, whilst stiffness is treated by larger amplitudes 50% into resistance.〔〔Darlene Hertling, Randolph M. Kessler, (2006). ''Management of Common Musculoskeletal Disorders: Physical Therapy Principles and Methods''. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781736268.〕
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